The progression of severity of disease can be underestimated
Download the following echocardiographic guide for a review of common challenges and special considerations specific to severe aortic stenosis.
多達 50%病患在驗屍後才發現患有重度主動脈瓣膜狹窄。因其早期症狀可能十分輕微,易被患者忽視。因此,利用心臟超音波追蹤疾病的進展十分重要。據此,美國心臟學會建議,對已知或疑似瓣膜疾病之患者,除了定期回診之外,當疾病進展為重度主動脈 瓣膜狹窄時,每年應至少安排一次全面的經胸心臟超音波檢查,用以評估患者的症狀和疾病。
血液動力學的參數對於準確評估和及時進行主動脈瓣置換術極為重要。
以下血液動力學參數為美國心臟學會臨床指引所定義1
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定義
有症狀併高主動脈瓣壓力差
瓣膜血液動力學
血液動力學結果
定義
有症狀且低流速、低壓力差併左心室射出率降低
瓣膜血液動力學
血液動力學結果
定義
有症狀且低壓力差但左心室射出率正常 或
瓣膜血液動力學
*收縮壓 < 140 mm Hg.
血液動力學結果
避免低估左心室出口的面積,以免進而致低估流速
儘管正常左心室射出率正常,病人的平均經主動脈瓣壓力差若有低於預期,可能會導致疾病的嚴重性被低估,進而延遲主動脈瓣膜置換術的治療。
利用少量多巴酚胺刺激前後進行的心臟超音波檢查,可以用來區分左心室射出率降低的患者是否為真性或假 性重度主動脈瓣膜狹窄
References: 1. Das P, et al. The patient with a systolic murmur: severe aortic stenosis may be missed during cardiovascular examination. Q J MedJ 2000;93:685-688. 2. Baumgartner, H. (2017). Recommendations on the Echocardiographic Assessment of Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Focused Update from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and American Society of Echocardiography. JASE, 30:372-92. 3. Malaisrie, C. (2014). Mortality While Waiting for Aortic Valve Replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 98:1564-71. 4. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129(23):2440-92. 5. Clavel MA, Magne J, Pibarot P. Low gradient aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J. 2016; 37(34): 2645–2657. 6. Dumesnil, J. G. (2009). Paradoxical low flow and/or low gradient severe aortic stenosis despite preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. EHJ, 31(3), 281–289.